Employers are rethinking schedules, seating and safety as they bring back workers. The new normal will be anything but. By Samantha Masunaga, Laurence Darmiento and Andrea Chang

A Santa Monica tech giant doesn’t intend to make employees return to the office if they don’t want to.

A defense contractor with a major presence in Palmdale now sees a hybrid online and in-person work schedule as the norm.

A Chatsworth toymaker is trying to figure out how to start bringing workers back to the office without losing talent in a competitive industry.
California employers are still figuring out what a return to the office means amid a global pandemic that has kept millions of office workers at home and disproved long-held myths about remote work. Some are adopting flexible schedules. Some are reopening their offices for a limited number of employees and restricting capacity based on local health regulations.

The bottom line? There’s anything but consistency in how employers are handling the return to work.

The Times spoke with a dozen employers about their plans for bringing employees back to the office, if they were not already working in person. All acknowledged that the workplace culture will change, maybe for the better. “This is a once-in-a-lifetime chance to evolve some entrenched work habits and to create new and better ways of working,” said Patrick Niemann, Greater Los Angeles managing partner at professional services firm Ernst & Young. “We’re committed to striking the right balance for our people.”

Nearly every company surveyed by The Times said it would not mandate that employees get the COVID-19 vaccine, though businesses have the right to enact mandatory inoculation policies , with some caveats. Many have encouraged workers to get the shot; some said they offer employees paid time off to get the vaccine.

Employers are also parsing evolving mask guidelines — and trying to figure out how they will work in practice. California health officials opted to keep the state’s current indoor mask rules in place until June 15, the target date for fully reopening the state’s economy, after the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention last week said it was safe for fully vaccinated people to go without masks in most places, whether outdoors or inside.

Culture change

Many companies said the shift to remote work during the pandemic changed their perceptions about employee productivity outside of a traditional office setting.

Telecommuting went so well at Lockheed Martin that about 40% of its workers will continue working from home two to three days a week, even after the pandemic subsides. Before the pandemic, fewer than 3% of Lockheed Martin’s employees worked remotely.
This shift to hybrid work is even bigger than it looks: About half of Lockheed Martin’s workforce is in manufacturing, is doing classified work or is deployed with customers, where in-person work remains essential. Now most of the other half — those whose work can be remote — will continue to do so at least part of the week.

Employees at Bel Air Investment Advisors may see more flexibility in their schedules going forward, said David Sadkin, president of the wealth management firm that serves high-net-worth clients, including individuals, families and trusts. The firm has not set a deadline for employees to return to work, though about a quarter of its 45-person staff started coming into its Century City offices by the end of April. They joined a core group of about half a dozen traders and other essential staffers who have worked in the office since the start of the pandemic. “For culture, we do believe that long-term, [it] is important that people spend some time together in the office,” Sadkin said.

A year’s worth of largely remote work led to one of MGA Entertainment’s best years in company history. Morale was strong, employees productive and customers pleased with the toymaker’s ability to show new product samples even as designers worked from home, Chief Executive Isaac Larian said.

But even with these victories, Larian is not sold on a future in which all employees telecommute. By early May, about half of MGA’s workers had returned to the office, where plexiglass-partitioned workstations were six feet apart and extended into what was once the company’s showroom. “Though we have been successful during the past year, there are areas of the business that could have been better had employees been in the office,” he said. “At the same time, we must be sensitive to the real concerns of employees who are still worried that they are not safe in the office.” Larian said the company will handle concerns from employees who do not want to come back on a “case-by-case basis.”
Face time

Real estate consultant John Burns said he sees the benefit of remote work but also sees pluses for in-person interaction.
His company, John Burns Real Estate Consulting, will start leasing extra office space at its Irvine headquarters and a Florida location, so all employees there will have their own offices, even if they come in only a few days a week. The additional rent will be more than $14,000 a month, he said. The firm will not force its roughly 85 employees nationwide to return to on-site work, but there will be “some very interesting discussions” going forward. “I believe more career growth opportunities are naturally going to be available to those who come into the office every day,” Burns said in an email. “Our chief career and culture officer will work with everyone individually to make them as successful professionally and personally as we can.”

For a growing number of workers, the question of returning to the office is already a reality. As of May 5, an average of 27% of office workers in the top 10 metropolitan areas had returned to the office, up slightly from 26.5% a week earlier, according to Kastle Systems, which provides key-card entry systems used by many companies and tracks patterns of worker card swipes.

In the Los Angeles metropolitan area, that percentage is 24.4%. It was as low as 21.6% during the week of April 15, 2020.
Mark Ein, chairman of Kastle Systems, has said the return to the office will look more like a “slowly building wave.”

That might lead to some tough decisions about whether large workspaces are still needed after a year of productive remote work. Signings of office leases have declined for about a year , and many tenants have reduced their office spaces or put unused space on the market for sublease.

But not every employer can make remote work the new normal, and companies need to be transparent and upfront with workers about their plans, said Alex Alonso, chief knowledge officer at the Society for Human Resource Management, a trade group.
“It’s important to remind individuals ... that not every work situation is designed for remote work,” he said.

Companies need to think about whether permanent work-from-home situations are actually part of a company’s stated values, Alonso said. Employers need to ask themselves, “Is this something true to the reasons we have the organization?”

Employers also need to involve their workers in return-to-work decisions, said Dr. Pouran D. Faghri, an adjunct professor in the department of environmental health sciences at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health.

“Let’s rethink work design,” she said. “Let’s think about how we can provide better mental health for employees to have better physical health to perform their jobs and use this as an opportunity, a starting point in the United States, and allow our workplaces to be a better place to work.”

This includes making sure employees know their rights and feel comfortable in the future staying home when they’re sick and knowing their job is secure, said Melanie Sabado-Liwag, an assistant professor in Cal State L.A.’s department of public health and director of the university’s masters of public health program. “We should be mindful of what our workplace wellness really looks like,” she said.
Rethinking spaces

Social media giant Snap has a dedicated return-to-work team that meets daily to review current company protocols and local guidelines to see whether it needs to adjust any of its plans. The company will not require workers to come back to the office if they don’t want to and currently has an RSVP system for those who wish to come in.

One consideration for office returns is ventilation.

Pre-pandemic, the typical office building would exchange fresh air for circulated air about once or twice an hour. Now, as employees return to the office, the building’s air should be circulated three to six times an hour, said Yifang Zhu, a professor of environmental health sciences at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health.

Employers might want to think about opening windows safely to bring in outside air and also investing in higher-quality air filters. MERV 13 filters are a good choice, Zhu said. Those filters need to be fitted properly into the HVAC system to prevent leakage and must be changed periodically in accordance with their life spans. “There’s plenty of evidence already showing that the COVID-19 virus could be airborne, could be transmitted by aerosols,” she said. “You don’t want those transmissions to go from one room to the other room.”

Public relations firm Olmstead Williams Communications had air purifiers installed in its 12th-floor suite in Westwood last month that are intended to eliminate 99.9% of particulates in the air. The eight-person firm has not yet returned to the office full time. “We’ll have the cleanest air in the building,” said Tracy Williams, president and chief executive. “But do we still need seven offices and a conference room with a view? Frankly, I don’t know. It’s one of the big questions for every business.”

Times staff writers Margot Roosevelt, Andrew Khouri, Sam Dean, Hugo Martin, Russ Mitchell and Anousha Sakoui contributed to this report.

Less space, more screens: One firm’s hybrid work plan By Russ Mitchell

A paper sheet is taped atop a television screen at Clorox Co.’s newly redesigned headquarters. “Please look at the camera,” it says.
It’s a reminder to employees that hybrid work is here to stay, that remote workers no longer are just dial-in observers with an occasional something to say, but are intrinsic and essential to everyday operations. “We believe the future of work is hybrid. We’re changing everything about how we learn, how we work,” said Kirsten Marriner, chief people and corporate affairs officer.

Marriner is acting as tour guide to show off the redesigned interior of the consumer product company’s main office in downtown Oakland.
When Clorox workers start returning there in July, it will be to a very different environment from the one they left, designed for a working style that’s more location-agnostic and collaborative and a world where the fear of virus transmission is still very much on people’s minds, if not quite so pressing. Desks, chairs and TV screens will be easily movable to accommodate social distancing. Sinks and paper-towel dispensers will respond to a wave of a hand. Bathroom doors will open with a touch of a toe. Air flow systems will provide better circulation.
Businesses across the country and around the world are trying to figure out what returning to the office should look like after a year of adjustments to remote work, and the fact that many employees want to continue working remotely, at least some of the time. Though some of these accommodations and precautions for the realities of COVID-19 may soon seem redundant or outdated with California on the verge of permitting unmasked, un-distanced office work for the fully vaccinated , for Clorox they are part of a bigger shift.

The company began planning a new interior architecture three years ago, but the pandemic caused it to double down on the hybrid model. Clorox is anticipating that the number of people who want to work remotely full time or part time will increase. Which is fine with the company’s leadership, because the last year has convinced them that remote work in general does not reduce productivity. In fact, they found, it can boost it. “We were on the flexibility train before COVID, but now we’re going deep into it,” Marriner said. “We believe there is value to being together — but not all the time.”

With offices and factories around the world, Clorox sells goods ranging from its eponymous bleach and wipes to Kingsford charcoal briquettes, Hidden Valley salad dressings and Burt’s Bees cosmetics. About 650 of its 8,800 employees worldwide are based at company headquarters.

The woodsy new color scheme — dark browns and deep greens — announces a new tone. “It used to be traditional cubicles and offices and lots of white Formica kind of stuff,” Marriner said.

Each floor is encircled by outer windows that let in plenty of natural light. No one has his or her own office anymore — not even C-suite executives — but there are meeting rooms and private workspaces aplenty, in various configurations, many furnished not with standard office furniture but with homey couches and chairs.

Several meeting rooms are fitted with desks and tables specifically tailored for use with Microsoft Surface computer systems, configured for collaborative work.

Before COVID, Clorox had concluded that offering workers the flexibility to occasionally work from home was good for morale and could boost productivity. The new office spaces were designed with video screens on walls and hanging from ceilings so remote workers could be included. Some screens were built for portability, on rollers and battery-powered so their placement didn’t depend on the location of an electrical outlet. 

The last year fortified Clorox’s support for the hybrid model, although company policies on the matter are intentionally a work in progress. “Everybody wants to know how many days they’ll work on site and how many at home,” Marriner said.

Workers will be invited to start returning to the office in July but won’t be required to do so. “We’ll use July to December as an extended transition period,” Marriner said, and use data and direct experience to begin to make decisions on new work arrangements.

By January, the company hopes to arrive at a “new normal” that combines hybrid and on-site work, though it will continue to tweak the guidelines as time goes on. “Some roles will be 100% in the office, others 100% remote,” Marriner said. “Most will be in between.”
Schedules will depend on the nature of the work and the need to be part of a tight team day to day. When possible, there will be accommodation for personal preference. “We call it freedom within a framework,” she said.

Other Clorox office locations are working on similar plans. Although they will vary from place to place and country to country, the headquarters approach will serve as a model.

More employees working at home means the company can save money on office space. Before the redesign, Clorox accounted for the top 12 floors in the 24-story building. Now it’s down to nine. The top executives are moving from what was a traditionally hushed set of chambers on the top floor behind heavy doors to a far more open and democratic configuration several floors down. “We’re encouraging ideas from anywhere,” Marriner said. If the chief executive needs privacy, she can find a meeting room.
Peter Cappelli, a business professor at the Wharton School, said companies that strategically plan office space around new work patterns can benefit from lessons learned during COVID-19. “If there is a time to make organizational changes, this is it,” he said.
But he cautioned against using hybrid work as an excuse just to cut real estate costs. “There’s a battle going on in companies with CEOs saying, sure, let’s get rid of office space.”

But if done carefully and intelligently, with productivity and innovation in mind, “the opportunity for companies that were planning to restructure their offices anyway is terrific.”